Afrouzi, A. A., Biranvand, A., & Heidary, F. (2026). The Effect of Knowledge Hiding and Team Collectivism on the Relationship between Team Errors and Entrepreneurial Team Sustainability. International Journal of Information, 24(3), 49-61. https://ijism.isc.ac/article_738121.html
Aggestam, L.; & Svensson, A. (2025). How digital applications can facilitate knowledge sharing in health care. The Learning Organization, 32(1), 58–74. https://doi.org/10.1108/VJIKMS-06-2022-0202
Ali, A. J. (1992). The Islamic work ethic in Arabia. The Journal of Psychology, 126(5), 507–519. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1992.10543384
Ali, A. J.; & Weir, D. (2005). Islamic Perspectives on Management and Organization. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 2(3), 410–415. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766080509518602
Arain, G. A.; B., Zeeshan A.; Hameed, I.; Khan, A. K.; & Rudolph, C. W. (2024). A meta-analysis of the nomological network of knowledge hiding in organizations. Personnel Psychology, 77(2), 651–682. https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12562
Babič, K.; Černe, M.; Connelly, C. E.; Dysvik, A.; & Škerlavaj, M. (2019). Are we in this together? Knowledge hiding in teams, collective prosocial motivation and leader-member exchange. Journal of Knowledge Management, 23(8), 1502–1522. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-12-2018-0734
Ballekura, B.; & Vilvanathan, L. (2025). When workplace incivility begets ineffectual employee silence-the role of rationalized knowledge hiding and regulation of emotion. Kybernetes, 54(2), 895–908. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-08-2022-1133
Biranvand, A., & Akbarnejad, R. (2021). The role of virtual social networks in knowledge sharing and student interaction in higher education (a case study in the postgraduate students of Payame Noor University). Library and Information Science Research, 11(2), 372-392. https://infosci.um.ac.ir/article_41816.html [In Persian]
Blau, P. M. (1964). Justice in social exchange. Sociological Inquiry, 34(2).
Cabrilo, S.; Dahms, S.; & Tsai, F. (2024). Synergy between multidimensional intellectual capital and digital knowledge management: Uncovering innovation performance complexities. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 9(4), 100568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2024.100568
Chaudhary, A.; Islam, T.; Ali, H. F.; & Jamil, S. (2023). Can paternalistic leaders enhance knowledge sharing? The roles of organizational commitment and Islamic work ethics. Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication, 72(1/2), 98–118. https://doi.org/10.1108/GKMC-06-2021-0109
Chawla, R., & Gupta, V. (2019). Relationship of individual and organizational factors with knowledge hiding in it organization. IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review, 7(2), 209-216.
Cohen, J. (2013). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. routledge.
Connelly, C. E., Černe, M., Dysvik, A., & Škerlavaj, M. (2019). Understanding knowledge hiding in organizations. Journal of organizational behavior, 40(7), 779-782. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2407
Connelly, C. E., Zweig, D., Webster, J., & Trougakos, J. P. (2012). Knowledge hiding in organizations. Journal of organizational behavior, 33(1), 64-88. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.737
Deci, E. L.; & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “What” and “Why” of Goal Pursuits: Human Needs and the Self-Determination of Behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
Guo, L.; Cheng, K.; & Luo, J. (2021). The effect of exploitative leadership on knowledge hiding: a conservation of resources perspective. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 42(1), 83–98. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-03-2020-0085
Habibi, A.; Sarafrazi, A.; & Izadyar, S. (2014). Delphi technique theoretical framework in qualitative research. The International Journal of Engineering and Science, 3(4), 8–13. [In Persian]
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using R: A workbook (p. 197). Springer Nature.
Hair J., F; Hult, G T.M; Ringle, C.; & Sarstedt, M. (2016). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage publications.
He, P.; Jiang, C.; Xu, Z.; & Shen, C. (2021). Knowledge hiding: current research status and future research directions. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 748237.
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: a new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513.
Idrees, H.; Xu, J.; Haider, S. A.; & Tehseen, S. (2023). A systematic review of knowledge management and new product development projects: Trends, issues, and challenges. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 8(2), 100350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2023.100350
Islam, T.; Ahmad, S.; Kaleem, A.; & Mahmood, K. (2021). Abusive supervision and knowledge sharing: moderating roles of Islamic work ethic and learning goal orientation. Management Decision, 59(2), 205–222.
Jiang, H.; Jiang, X.; Sun, P.; & Li, X. (2021). Coping with workplace ostracism: the roles of emotional exhaustion and resilience in deviant behavior. Management Decision, 59(2), 358–371.
Joshi, P.; Singh, A.; Joshi, G.; & Singh, P. (2025). The influence of dark triad on knowledge hiding behavior with workplace spirituality as a moderator in higher education institutions. International Journal of Educational Management, 39(3), 637–660. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-01-2023-0035
Khilji, S. E. (2003). `To Adapt or Not to Adapt’: Exploring the Role of National Culture in HRM - A Study of Pakistan. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 3(1), 109–132. https://doi.org/10.1177/147059580331006
Khizar, H. M. U.; Khurshid, R.; & Al-Waqfi, M. (2024). Unraveling the two decades of Knowledge Hiding scholarship: A systematic review, bibliometric analysis, and literature synthesis. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 9(4), 100624. https://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-journal-innovation-knowledge-376-articulo-unraveling-two-decades-knowledge-hiding-S2444569X2400163X
Liao, R.; Chen, H.; Sun, C.; & Sun, Y. (2022). An Exploratory Study on Two-Dimensional Project Management Maturity Model. Engineering Management Journal, 0(0), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/10429247.2022.2154093
Liao, S.; Chen, C.; Yao, Y.; & Chen, Q. (2024). Would You be Willing to Share Knowledge with a Collaborative Robot? The Mediating Effect of Perceived Agency and the Moderating Effect of Identity Threat. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2024.2430911
Ma, L.; Zhang, X.; & Ding, X. (2020). Enterprise social media usage and knowledge hiding: a motivation theory perspective. Journal of Knowledge Management, 24(9), 2149–2169. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-03-2020-0234
Mazaheri, E.; Alavi, M.; Samouei, R.; & Ashrafi-rizi, H. (2023). Facilitating and Inhibiting Factors of Clinical Knowledge Sharing among Medical Specialists in University Hospitals. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_143_23
Monday, S. C. (2023). Strategies Global Virtual Team Leaders Use to Improve Trust and Communication. Walden University.
Peng, H. (2013). Why and when do people hide knowledge? Journal of Knowledge Management, 17(3), 398–415. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-12-2012-0380
Rachmawati, M. A.; Faraz; H., P.; & Hutagalung, F. D. (2025). Islamic work ethics as a moderating factor in the relationship between knowledge sharing behavior, servant leadership, and organizational citizenship behavior among educators. International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies, 8(1), 2405–2413. https://doi.org/10.53894/ijirss.v8i1.4998
Sahraian, K.; Biranvand, A.; & Ghobadi Azad, E. (2025). The Effect of the Motivation of Regulatory Focus on the Process of Knowledge Sharing and Knowledge Hiding. Library and Information Science Research, 15(1), 207–228. https://doi.org/10.22067/infosci.2024.87424.1200 [In Persian]
Shan, H.; Bai, D.; Li, Y.; Shi, J.; & Yang, S. (2023). Supply chain partnership and innovation performance of manufacturing firms: Mediating effect of knowledge sharing and moderating effect of knowledge distance. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 8(4), 100431.
Shaukat, A.; & Batool, N. (2021). Impact of Islamic Work Ethics on Knowledge Sharing Behavior and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. International Journal of Business and Economic Affairs, 6(2), 82–88.
Soral, P.; Pati, S. P.; & Kakani, R. K. (2022). Knowledge hiding as a coping response to the supervisors’ dark triad of personality: A protection motivation theory perspective. Journal of Business Research, 142, 1077–1091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.12.075
Tokyzhanova, T.; & Durst, S. (2025). Insights into the use of theories in knowledge hiding studies: a systematic review. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, 55(4), 1002–1030. https://doi.org/10.1108/vjikms-11-2023-0303
ud din Khan, H. S.; Li, P.; Chughtai, M. S.; Mushtaq, M. T.; & Zeng, X. (2023). The role of knowledge sharing and creative self-efficacy on the self-leadership and innovative work behavior relationship. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 8(4), 100441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2023.100441
Vidic, F. (2022). Knowledge asset as competitive resource. Socioeconomic Challenges, 6(4), 8–20. https://doi.org/10.21272/sec.6(4).8-20.2022
Wen, J.; & Ma, R. (2021). Antecedents of knowledge hiding and their impact on organizational performance. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 796976.
Wu, D. (2020b). Empirical study of knowledge withholding in cyberspace: Integrating protection motivation theory and theory of reasoned behavior. Computers in Human Behavior, 105, 106229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.106229
Wu, D. (2020a). Empirical study of knowledge withholding in cyberspace: Integrating protection motivation theory and theory of reasoned behavior. Computers in Human Behavior, 105, 106229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.106229
Yang, L; García-Holgado, A.; & Martínez-Abad, F. (2021). A Review and Comparative Study of Teacher’s Digital Competence Frameworks: Lessons Learned. In F. J. García-Peñalvo (Ed.), (F. J. García-Peñalvo, Ed.), Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology (pp. 51–71). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4156-2.ch003
Yang, N.; Singh, T.; & Johnston, A. (2020). A replication study of user motivation in protecting information security using protection motivation theory and self determination theory. AIS Transactions on Replication Research, 6(1), 10.
Yousef, D. A. (2001). Islamic work ethic – A moderator between organizational commitment and job satisfaction in a cross‐cultural context. Personnel Review, 30(2), 152–169. https://doi.org/10.1108/00483480110380325
Zhang, Z.; Takahashi, Y.; & Rezwan, R. B. (2025). Knowledge hiding and social exchange theory: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1516815. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1516815
Zhao, H.; Xia, Q.; He, P.; Sheard, G.; & Wan, P. (2016). Workplace ostracism and knowledge hiding in service organizations. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 59, 84–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2016.09.009
Zhao, N; Shi, Y; Xin, Z.; & Zhang, J. (2019). The impact of traditionality/modernity on identification-and calculus-based trust. International Journal of Psychology, 54(2), 237–246. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2372
