مطالعه فراترکیب مؤلفه‌های سواد انتقادی دانشجویان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مطالعات برنامه درسی،‌ دانشگاه شیراز

2 استادیار گروه مدیریت و برنامه ریزی آموزشی،‌ دانشگاه شیراز،‌ایران.

3 دانشیار گروه مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی آموزشی،‌ دانشگاه شیراز

4 دانشیار گروه مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی آموزشی‌،‌ دانشگاه شیراز

چکیده

هدف: سواد انتقادی دانشجویان با تولید و نوسازی دانش و اعتبار ادعا‌های دانش به ارزیابی دقیق متون (چاپی ـ دیجیتالی) در عصر فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات می‌پردازد؛ بر این اساس هدف پژوهش حاضر شناسایی مؤلفه‎های سواد انتقادی دانشجویان در آموزش عالی بوده است.
روش‌شناسی: طرح این پژوهش سنتزپژوهی کیفی، از نوع فراترکیب تبدیلی است. جامعه آماری پژوهش، دربرگیرنده مقاله‌های علمی پژوهشی کیفی و ترکیبی چاپ‌شده در مجلات معتبر در زمینه سواد انتقادی بین سال‌های 2010 تا 2020 و 1389 تا 1399 می‌باشد. این پژوهش با استفاده از روش شش مرحله‌ای ساندلوسکی و باروسو انجام شده است. در گام اول و پس از انتخاب تیم فراترکیب، سؤال پژوهش برای کشف مؤلفه‌های سواد انتقادی دانشجویان در آموزش عالی تنظیم و معیار‌های شمول مقاله‌ها مشخص شدند. در گام دوم، به جستجوی نظام‌مند منابع در پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی انگلیسی و فارسی پرداخته شد. در گام سوم ارزیابی کیفیت مقاله‌ها انجام و در نهایت با توجه به معیار خروج 51 مقاله اصیل انتخاب شدند. در گام چهارم با تکنیک دسته‌بندی یافته‌ها و تکنیک کمی فراچکیده‌نویسی، مضامین پایه استخراج شدند. اعتبار‌یابی یافته‎‌ها نیز با تکنیک‌های اعتبارپذیری و انتقال‌پذیری صورت گرفت.
یافته‌ها: با اجرای گام پنجم از فرایند شش مرحله‌ای ساندلوسکی و باروسو یعنی ترکیب و ارائه یافته‌ها، 37 مضمون پایه استخراج‌شده، در 13 مضمون سازمان‌دهنده سطح اول و 4 مضمون سازمان‌دهنده سطح دوم (دانشی،‌ مهارتی، ‌نگرشی و اجتماعی) به‌عنوان مؤلفه‌های سواد انتقادی دانشجویان، دسته‌بندی شدند. در نهایت تمامی مضامین مذکور در قالب مضمون فراگیر سواد انتقادی دانشجویان ارائه شدند. در گام ششم اعتبار‌یابی یافته‌ها انجام شد.
نتیجه گیری: پس از انجام مراحل پژوهش فراترکیب، مؤلفه‌های 4گانه تشریح و در انتها چارچوب سواد انتقادی به‌عنوان یک شایستگی اجتماعی دانشجویان معرفی شد که ‌می‌تواند سرلوحه سیاست‌گذاران برنامه درسی در سطح دانشگاه در حین طراحی برنامه‌های درسی قرار گیرد.

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