Abend, G. (2008). The meaning of ‘theory’. Sociological theory, 26(2), 173-199. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9558.2008.00324.x
Bagheri, K. (2010). Barriers to theorizing in the humanities. Paper presented at the Conference on Barriers and the Process of Theorizing in the Humanities, Hamedan. [In Persian].
Bates, M. J. (2009). An introduction to metatheories, theories, and models. Library and information science, 4 (44), 275 - 297.
Collier, D., Daniel Hidalgo, F., & Olivia Maciuceanu, A. (2006). Essentially contested concepts: Debates and applications. Journal of political ideologies, 11(3), 211-246. DOI: 10.1080/13569310600923782
Danaeefard, H. (2010). Theorizing: Foundations and methodologies. Tehran: Samt Publications. [In Persian].
Dubin, R. (1978). Theory building free press. London, United Kingdom, 85.
Fattahi, R. (2025). Conceptual Research: What It Is, Why It Is, and Explaining Its Value. Iranian Journal of Information Processing and Management, 41(2), 313-322. doi: 10.22034/jipm.2025.734304. [In Persian].
Foucault, M. (1972). The Archaeology of Knowledge: Pantheon Books.
Freund, J. (1983). Opinions and theories in the humanities. Tehran: University Publication Center.
Godfrey-Smith, P. (2009). Theory and reality: An introduction to the philosophy of science: University of Chicago Press.
Goertz, G. (2006). Social science concepts: A user's guide: Princeton University Press.
Gregor, S. (2006). The nature of theory in information systems1. MIS quarterly, 30(3), 611-642. DOI: 10.2307/25148742.
Heidari, G., & Ghanadinezhad, F. (2018). Scientific Growth: Concepts, Theories and Patterns. Rahyaft, 28(71), 1-18. Retrieved from https://rahyaft.nrisp.ac.ir/article_13668_91ff28b80e445a65c4f61fb05aecfd03.pdf. [In Persian].
Hempel, C. G. (1966). Laws and their role in scientific explanation. Philosophy of natural science, 47-69.
Jaakkola, E. (2020). Designing conceptual articles: four approaches. AMS review, 10(1), 18-26. DOI: 10.1007/s13162-020-00161-0
Kaab Omeir, F., & Heidari, G. (2019). A Review of the Bibliographic Approach to Defining Theory. Knowledge Retrieval and Semantic Systems, 6(20), 75-93. https://doi.org/10.22054/jks.2019.45048.1242. [In Persian].
Kerlinger, F. N. (1966). Foundations of behavioral research. Holt, Rinehart and Winston: New York.
Meredith, J. (1993). Theory building through conceptual methods. International journal of operations & production management, 13(5), 3-11. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443579310028120
Merton, R. K. (1968). Social theory and social structure. Simon and Schuster.
Pakseresht, M. (2006). Educational theories and theory-making challenges in Iranian education system. Journal of Educational Innovations, 6(2), 125-148. Retrieved from https://noavaryedu.oerp.ir/article_78826_7d21bbfa846801f35e39fdaf43e41f34.pdf. [In Persian].
Popper, K. (1959). The logic of scientific discovery.
Pour Ezzat , A., Rezaeei, P., Reza Yazdani, H. (2009). Survey of Theory-building Barriers in Social Sciences Area. Journal of Business Management, 1(2), -. Retrieved from https://jibm.ut.ac.ir/article_20323_0b6b2c2092fa735afd2b9b1da3d5db43.pdf. [In Persian].
Rahadoust, F. (2005). Theoretical issues in library and information science. Tehran: Ketabdar. [In Persian].
Samadi, H. (2011). The structure of scientific theories in natural and social sciences. Tehran: Research Institute of Hawzah and University. [In Persian].
Sartori, G. (1970). Concept misformation in comparative politics. American political science review, 64(4), 1033-1053. DOI:10.2307/1958356.
Shoemaker, P. J., Tankard Jr, J. W., & Lasorsa, D. L. (2003). How to build social science theories. Sage publications.
Sutton, R. I., & Staw, B. M. (1995). What theory is not. Administrative science quarterly, 371-384. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393788.
Swedberg, R. (2014). The art of social theory. Princeton University Press.
Szostak, R. (2004). Classifying science: Phenomena, data, theory, method, practice. Springer.
Tavassoli, G. (2008). Sociological theories. Tehran: Samt Publications. [In Persian].
Weick, K. E. (1995). What theory is not, theorizing is. Administrative science quarterly, 40(3), 385-390. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393789.
Whetten, D. A. (1989). What constitutes a theoretical contribution? Academy of management review, 14(4), 490-495. DOI: 10.2307/258554.
Yousof Boroujerdi, R., & Davarpanah, S. H. (2024). An Exploration of the Professional-Cognitive Barriers to Theorizing Among Faculty Members in the Humanities. Iranian Higher Education, 16(2), 66-90. DOI: 20.1001.1.20088000.1403.16.2.4.1. [In Persian].