The Analysis and Model Testing of the Relations between Compelled Cognitive Non-use of Information with the Intolerance of Uncertainty

Document Type : مقالات پژوهشی

Authors

• mohammad reza kiani ¹
• Mohammad hossein daiani ²
• rahmatollah fattahi ²

¹ University of Birjand

² ferdowsi university of mashhad

10.22067/riis.v5i1.19026

Abstract

Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to analyze the model which tests the relations among compelled non-use of information (CNI) and its components with the intolerance of uncertainty (IU).
Methodology: The survey method was used. ACNI questionnaire was designed based on a comprehensive literature review. A sample of Mashhad University PhD and M.Sc. students (214 cases) participated in the study. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used for the data analysis.
Findings: The impact of demographic variables such as gender, areas of study, and academic degree on CNI and IU was not significant. The hypothesis concerning the relationship between variables and the impact of cognitive factors on CNI was also verified. IUS in participants was more than the average level. Findings also revealed that the Subject; Cognitive approach to this topic; and the method used for the data analysis (SEM) in the knowledge and information discipline has not been used extensively.

Keywords

• Non-use of information
• Compelled non-use of information
• Intolerance of uncertainty
• Cognitive barriers
• Cognition approach
• Threshold knowledge shortfall
• Attention shortfall
• Information filtering

---

References

Arendt, H. (1963). Eichmann in Jerusalem: A report on the banality of evil. New York: Viking.

Arsenault, A., & Castells, M. (2006). Conquering the minds, conquering Iraq: The social production of misinformation in the United States - a case study. Information, Communication & Society, 9 (3), 284-307.

Aguilar, F. J. (1967). Scanning the Business Environment. NY: Macmillan.

Allen, T. J. (1969). Information needs and uses. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST), 4, 3-29.

Bates, M. J. (1999). A tour of information science through the pages of JASIS. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 50 (11), 975-993.

Belkin, N.J. (1990). The cognitive viewpoint in information science. Journal of Information Science, vol. 16: 11-15.

Buher K, Dugas MJ. (2002). The intolerance of uncertainty scale: Psychometric properties of the English version. Behav Res Ther 40: 931-945.

Choo, C. W., Detlor, B., & Turnbull, D. (2000). Information Seeking on the Web: An Integrated Model of Browsing and Searching. First Monday. February 7; 5(2).

Cornelius, I. (2002). Theorizing information for information science. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST), 36, 393-405.

Cornelius, S. W., & Caspi, A. (1987). Everyday problem solving in adulthood and old age. Psychology and Aging, 2 (2), 144-153.

Dervin, B., & Nilan, M. S. (1986). Information needs and uses. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST), 21, 3-33.

Dugas, M. J., & Robichaud, M. (2007). Cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: From science to practice. New York: Routledge.

Dugas MJ, Schewartz A, Francis K. (2004). Intolerance of uncertainty, worry, and depression. Cognitive ther res 28: 835-842.

Dugas, M.J., Buhr, K., & Ladouceur, R. (2004). The Role of Intolerance of Uncertainty in Etiology and aintenance, In: R.G. Heimberg, C.L. Turk, & D.S. Mennin (Eds.), Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Advances in Research and Practice (pp. 143-163). New York: Guilford.

Dugas, M.J., & Koerner, N. (2005). Cognitive-behavioral Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Current Status and Guture Directions, Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 19, 61–68.

Erdelez, S. (1997). Information Encountering: A Conceptual Framework for Accidental Information Discovery. Proceedings of an International Conference on Research in Information Needs, Seeking and Use in Different Contexts; 14-16.

Erdelez, S., & Rioux, K. (2000). Sharing information encountered for others on the Web. New Review of Information Behaviour Research: Studies of Information Seeking in Context, 1, 219-233.

Ellis, D. (1989). A behavioural approach to information retrieval design. Journal of Documentation, 45, 171-212.

Francis, K. (2011). An Exploration of Intolerance of Uncertainty and Memory Bias (Doctoral dissertation, Concordia University).

Freeston, M.H., Rheauma, J., Litarte, H., Dugas, M.J., Ladouceur, R. (1994). Why Do People Worry? Personality and Individual Difference, 17, 791- 802.

Giacalone, A., Blandino, M., Talamini, R., Bortolus, R., Spazzapan, S., Valentini, M., & Tirelli, U. (2007). What elderly cancer patients want to know? Differences among elderly and young patients. Psycho-Oncology, 16 (4), 365-370.

Harris, C. (1984). Studying the non-user. In A. Van Der Laan & A. A. Winters (Eds.), The use of information in a changing world: Proceedings of the forty-second FID congress held in the Hague, the Netherlands, 24-27 September, 1984 (pp. 69-75). New York: Elsevier.

Hewins, E. T. (1990). Information need and use studies. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST), 25, 145-172.

Houston, R.D. (2009), “A model of compelled nonuse of information”, unpublished PhD dissertation, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.

Kareshki, H. (2012). Linear structural relations in humanities research (Foundations and easy guide of application LISREL software) with LISREL software. Tehran: Avaie noor. (In Persian)

Katzer, J., Cook, K. H., & Crouch, W. W. (1998). Evaluating information: A guide for users of social science research. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.

Kiani, M. R.; Dayani, M. H.; Fattahi, R. (2013). Cognitive approach to compelled non-use of information: a new concept in the classical context. Library and information science, 16 (61), 9-40. (In Persian)

Lifton, R. J. (1986). The Nazi doctors: Medical killing and the psychology of genocide. New York: Basic Books.

MahmudAliloo, M.; Shahjooee, T.; Hashemi, Z. (2010). Comparison of Intolerance of Uncertainty, Negative Problem Orientation, Cognitive Avoidance, Positive Beliefs about Worries in Patient whit Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Control Group. Journal of Modern Psychological Researches, 5 (20), 169-187. (In Persian)

Noroozi chakoli, A. (2004). Study inside with tears, case of Iranian PhD students. Library and information science, 7 (26), 25-44. (In Persian)

Pettigrew, K. E., Fidel, R., & Bruce, H. (2001). Conceptual frameworks in information behavior. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST), 35, 43-78.

Rousseau, G. K., Lamson, N., & Rogers, W. A. (1998). Designing warnings to compensate for age-related changes in perceptual and cognitive abilities. Psychology & Marketing, 15 (7), 643-662.

Paulson, E. J. (2002). Are oral reading word omissions and substitutions caused by careless eye movements? Reading Psychology, 23 (1), 45-66.

Sexton K. A., Noton P. J., Waler J. R., Noron G. R. (2003). Hierarchical model of generalized anxiety and specific vulnerability and anxiety. Cogn Behav Ther. 32: 82-94.

Sexton, K. A., Dugas, M. J. (2009). Defining Distinct Negative Beliefs about Uncertainty: Validating the Factor Structure of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale. Psychological Assessment, 21: 176-186.

Taylor, R. S. (1968). Question-negotiation and information seeking in libraries. College and Research Libraries, 29, 178-194.

Tsang, J.-A. (2002). Moral rationalization and the integration of situational factors and psychological processes in immoral behavior. Review of General Psychology, 6 (1), 25-50.

Volz K. G., Schubotz R. I., Von Cramon D. Y. (2004) Why am I unsure? Internal and external attributions of ncertainty dissociated by fMRI. NeuroImag. 21: 848-857.

Westbrook, L. T. (1993). User needs: A synthesis and analysis of current theories for the practitioner. RQ (Reference Quarterly), 32 (4), 541-549.

Westbrook, L. T. (1995). User needs. In A. Kent (Ed.), Encyclopedia of library and information science (Vol. 59, pp. 316-347). New York: M. Dekker.

Wilson, T. D. (1981). On user studies and information needs. Journal of Documentation, 37 (1), 3-15.

Wilson, T. D. (1994). Information needs and uses: Fifty years of progress? In B. C. Vickery (Ed.), Fifty years of information progress: A journal of documentation review (pp. 15-51). London: Aslib.

Wilson, T. D. (1997). Information behaviour: An interdisciplinary perspective. Information Processing & Management, 33 (4), 551-572.

Wilson, T. D. (1999a). Exploring models of information behaviour: The “uncertainty” project. Information Processing & Management. 35(6) : 839-849.

Wilson, T. D. (1999b). Models in information behaviour research. Journal of Documentation, 55 (3), 249-270.

Wilson, T. D. (2000). Human information behavior. Informing Science, 3 (2), 49- 56.