From Application to Policy-Making of Artificial Intelligence Technology in Academic Libraries: A Systematic Review

Document Type : Original Article

Author

• Maryam Aghaei

Ph.D Candidate in Knowledge and Information Science, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

10.22067/infosci.2025.94485.1244

Abstract

Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging technology that has begun to permeate the field of librarianship, with the willingness to adopt AI applications in libraries likely to evolve as the technology advances. Nevertheless, the integration of automation and digital innovations within libraries has progressed more slowly compared to other sectors. This lag has prompted criticism that libraries must more effectively adapt to technological developments, respond to societal needs, and capitalize on the opportunities afforded by digital technologies. This study investigates the implementation of AI in academic libraries, with particular emphasis on its applications, challenges, critical success factors, benefits, practical recommendations, policies, required infrastructures, and necessary professional competencies. The successful deployment of AI-based technologies in libraries—especially in academic contexts—necessitates a comprehensive understanding of their potential applications, associated challenges, determinants of success, ethical implications, and both the technical and human resources required.
 
Methodology: Using a systematic review guided by the PRISMA framework, this applied qualitative study examined research indexed in the Web of Science database. A total of 1,467 documents were retrieved during the search. A three-year timeframe was applied to ensure the inclusion of recent and impactful studies. In the initial stage, documents were ranked according to the relevance of their titles to the research objective and were coded on a scale from 1 to 5. Subsequently, based on the researchers’ judgment, articles assigned codes 4 and 5, which indicated high relevance to the study, were included in the primary research population. In this study, the researchers assessed titles and abstracts to determine eligibility. Inclusion criteria required that studies focus directly on the application of AI in academic libraries, be published in English, and be available in full text. Following a final evaluation, 31 articles were selected and analyzed for their relevance to the research objectives.
 
Findings: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) within academic libraries is anticipated to bring substantial transformations to library services and operations. To sustain their role as providers of information services, academic libraries must possess the capacity to monitor, evaluate, and adopt emerging technologies such as AI. By providing accurate and timely tools, AI enhances the capabilities and performance of librarians. The literature consistently emphasizes that recommendations and policies concerning the adoption of AI in academic libraries must prioritize ethical considerations. AI has the potential to improve a variety of processes, including cataloging, reference services, lending, and user interactions. Nonetheless, challenges such as a shortage of specialized skills, security concerns, and limited resources constitute significant barriers to its effective implementation. Despite these challenges, the advantages of AI—including improved service quality, increased productivity, and enhanced user experience—are evident. Despite these advantages, several challenges and barriers impede the implementation of this technology, necessitating careful consideration and strategic planning. Beyond technological infrastructure, the soft skills of librarians—such as adaptability, critical thinking, and creativity—are crucial to the successful integration of AI. In light of the accelerating adoption of AI technologies, it is imperative for academic libraries to continuously evolve and enhance their services through innovative approaches. Ultimately, the synergy between advanced technologies and skilled human resources can facilitate a profound transformation in the delivery of academic library services.
 
Discussion & Conclusion: The findings suggest that artificial intelligence (AI) can act as a catalyst for the transformation of library services, contingent upon its implementation being supported by comprehensive planning, robust infrastructure development, and the enhancement of librarians’ competencies. This study provides a conceptual framework to guide future research and policymaking regarding AI applications in libraries. The integration of AI solutions in academic libraries holds the potential to significantly improve the quality of library services by enabling more efficient, personalized, and data-driven offerings that effectively address the evolving needs of users. To realize this potential, it is recommended that structured measures be undertaken at both national and institutional levels. At the macro level, the establishment of a national working group—including librarians, data specialists, university administrators, and industry representatives—can facilitate the development of a comprehensive AI strategy for academic libraries. Simultaneously, it is essential to formulate clear ethical guidelines for AI deployment, with particular emphasis on privacy, transparency, and fairness. At the operational level, priorities should include creating effective communication and training platforms between librarians and technology professionals, enhancing technical infrastructure, and investing in the continuous professional development of librarians to fully leverage AI capabilities. Collectively, these measures will not only ensure the optimal utilization of technology but also provide the foundation for the development of innovative information services aligned with international standards
 
Originality: The originality of the research lies in providing a comprehensive look at the implementation of artificial intelligence in academic libraries, covering applications, challenges, human and infrastructure requirements, and operational policies, and providing strategic analysis for managers.

Keywords

• Artificial Intelligence
• Academic Libraries
• Challenges and Opportunities of Artificial Intelligence
• Implementation of Artificial Intelligence
• Technology Policy
• Systematic Review

Main Subjects

• Academic Libraries

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